The History of Particle Discoveries - From Atoms to the Standard Model

Remark

1. First Stage: Discovery of basic particles (electron, proton, neutron, positron).

2. Second Stage: “Particle zoo,” quark model.

3. Third Stage: Standard Model, fundamental interactions

Ancient Atomism

• The word consists of atoms (invisible, eternal and unchanging) and emptiness

• Everything happens through the interaction of atoms - their collision, sticking together and separation

Joseph John Tomson

Discovery of the Electron

Rutherford Ernest

Discovery of the atomic nucelus

Discovery of the Proton

James Chadwik

Discovery of the neutron

Discovery of the Positron (antiparticles)

Carl Anderson

Particle Zoo

Quarks

Murray Gell-Mann

George Zweig

Fundamental Forces

The Standard Model of Particle Physics

Higgs Boson

Higgs Field

Peter Higgs